What are the main components of the Earth's atmosphere?

The primary components of the Earth's atmosphere are indeed nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen constitutes about 78% of the atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas. Oxygen follows, making up approximately 21%, and is vital for the survival of most life forms. Argon, while present in smaller quantities (about 0.93%), is a noble gas that does not react with other elements and is a stable component of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, although it comprises only about 0.04%, plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate and is important for the process of photosynthesis in plants.

The selection of these gases reflects their significant presence in the atmosphere and their functions in supporting life and various ecological processes. Understanding these components is essential for grasping atmospheric science, climate studies, and environmental monitoring.